BUS TICKET BOOKING AND RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT REPORT & SOURCE CODE
BUS TICKET BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Electronic Bus Ticketing
The ticket
machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by
conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking
fare stages. The Conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare
stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs
only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that
of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including
the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's
checking inspectors. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on
account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the
corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare
stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and
organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand.
Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections.
Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed
into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully
computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s
verification.
This project is
modularized as the following:
Ø
Management of Route
Ø
Trip Details
Ø
Bus Details
Ø
Bus Stops
Ø
Bus Ticketing
1. Management of Routes
This module
include information about how we can
Manage the routes for a particular bus services so In
the case of Route management module we must know the details about route number, number of stops ,fare stages and running time of the
particular bus more over we want to manipulate and stored these information successfully.
2. Trip information
Each journey is
identified as a trip. Each ticket must contain the trip no so that calculation
of passenger can be done easily. Here in this section we want to know start
time and route no of the bus this information can be manipulate and stored
successfully.
3. Bus Detail
In this module all bus
details are stored and manipulated, in bus detail module contains minimum
charge, type, depot, fare increment, bus number, and passenger’s states (child
or adult) are manipulate and stored.
4. Bus Stops
Bus Stops module includes
information about what are the main bus stops of a particular bus. This module connected to the route of the
bus and it is used to store stop number, stop name and fare stages and Route
number
5. Bus Ticketing
Ticketing is the most important
module in this Project which uses all the tables together and calculates fare
for the passengers. Venting the tickets
is done using the route number, bus type, beginning stop, end stop, ticket
number, persons(Adult/child)rate, date and time
also we want to print the all these information. In order to do the calculation data has to be
pulled out from stops, bus, trip and route. Number
of passengers & the states are entered by the Venter and to produce the
tickets.
2. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2.1
INTRODUCTION
System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts,
diagnosing problems and the information to recommend improvements on the
system. It is a problem solving activity that requires intensive communication
between the system users and system developers. System analysis or study is an
important phase of any system development process. The system is studied to the
minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of the
interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The system
is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified. The outputs
from the organizations are traced to the various processes. System
analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the
relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various
factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or
program of action.
A
detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like interviews,
questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to
arrive to a conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system
functions. This system is called the existing system. Now the existing system
is subjected to close study and problem areas are identified. The designer now
functions as a problem solver and tries to sort out the difficulties that the
enterprise faces. The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal is then
weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected. The
proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user. The proposal
is reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This is loop that
ends as soon as the user is satisfied with proposal.
Preliminary
study is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, using the information
for further studies on the system. Preliminary study is problem solving
activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and
system developers. It does various feasibility studies. In these studies a
rough figure of the system activities can be obtained, from which the decision
about the strategies to be followed for effective system study and analysis can
be taken.
Here
in the project E-Ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried
along with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better
project was carried and the next steps were followed.
2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY -
An
important outcome of the preliminary investigation is the determination that
the system requested is feasible. Feasibility study is carried out to select
the best system that meets the performance requirements.
Feasibility study is both
necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the project at the
earliest possible time. It involves preliminary investigation of the project
and examines whether the designed system will be useful to the organization.
Months or years of effort, thousand for millions of money and untold professional
embarrassment can be averted if an in-conceived system is recognized early in
the definition phase.
The different types of
feasibility are: Technical feasibility, Operational feasibility, Economical
feasibility.
2.2.1 Technical feasibility
Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well
as software requirements. Technology is not a constraint to type system
development. We have to find out whether the necessary technology, the proposed
equipments have the capacity to hold the data, which is used in the project,
should be checked to carryout this technical feasibility.
The technical feasibility issues usually raised
during the feasibility stage of investigation includes these
- This
software is running in windows 2000 Operating System, which can be easily
installed.
- The
hardware required is Pentium based server.
- The
system can be expanded.
2.2.2 Behavioral
Feasibility
This feasibility test asks if the system will work
when it is developed and installed.
Operational feasibility in this project:
- The
proposed system offers greater level of user-friendliness.
- The
proposed system produces best results and gives high performance. It can
be implemented easily .So this project is operationally feasible.
2.2.3 Economical feasibility
Economical Feasibility deals about the economical
impact faced by the organization to implement a new system. Financial benefits
must equal or exceed the costs. The cost of conducting a full system, including
software and hardware cost for the class of application being considered should
be evaluated. Economic Feasibility in this project:
- The cost
to conduct a full system investigation is possible.
- There is
no additional manpower requirement.
- There is
no additional cost involved in maintaining the proposed system.
2.3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
2.3.1 Hardware
Specification
Processor : Intel Pentium IV 2.4 GHZ or above
Clock
speed : 500 MHZ
System
bus : 32 bits
RAM : 256MB of RAM
HDD : 40 GB or higher
Monitor : SVGA COLOR
Keyboard :
108 keys
Mouse :
2 button mouse
2.3.2 Software Specification
OS : MS WINDOWS XP SP2
Front
End : Visual Basic 6.0
Back
End : MS ACCESS 2003
2.4 EXISTING SYSTEM - BUS TICKET BOOKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Existing system refers to the
system that is being followed till now. The existing system requires more
computational time, more manual calculations, and the complexity involved in
Selection of features is high. The other disadvantages are lack of security of
data, Deficiency of Data accuracy, Time
consuming etc. To avoid
all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to
be computerized. Here in the Electronic bus ticketing,
a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the steps in
system analysis.
2.4.1 Draw backs of existing system.
Here in
the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried
along with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project
was carried and the next steps were followed.
v
Lack of security of data.
v
More man power.
v
Time consuming.
v
Consumes large volume of
pare work.
v
Needs manual calculations.
v
No direct role for the
higher officials.
v
Damage of machines due to
lack of attention.
To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the
system needs to be computerized.
2.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The aim of
proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed
system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system
provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has
several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed
system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The
proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict.
The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do
his jobs without time lagging.
2.5.1 Advantages of
Proposed System
The system is
very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system
resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got
following features
Ø
Ensure data accuracy.
Ø
Minimize manual data entry.
Ø
Minimum time needed for the various processing
Ø
Greater efficiency
Ø
Better Service
Ø
Minimum time required
Ø
The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice
Ø
It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation,
particularly with regard to boarding of passengers from fare stages and
important points
Ø
This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more
efficiently on the basis of traffic demand.
Ø
It would provide data on
concessions given to various sections.
Ø
Another additional feature is that
the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer.
3. SYSTEM DESIGN - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
System
Design is the most creative and challenging phase in the system life
cycle. Design is the first step into
the development phase for any engineered product or system. Design is a
creative process. A good design is the key to effective system. System design
is a solution how to approach the
creation of a new system. System design transforms a logic representation of
what is required to do into the physical specification. The specification is
converted into physical reality during development.
3.2
LOGICAL DESIGN
The logical flow of a system and define
the boundaries of a system. It includes the following steps:
- Reviews the current
physical system – its data flows, file content, volumes,
frequencies etc.
- Prepares output
specifications – that is, determines the format, content and Frequency of
reports.
- Prepares input
specifications – format, content and most of the input functions.
- Prepares edit, security and
control specifications.
- Specifies the implementation
plan.
- Prepares a logical design
walk through of the information flow, output, input, controls and
implementation plan.
- Reviews benefits, costs,
target dates and system constraints.
3.3 PHYSICAL DESIGN -
Physical system produces the working systems
by define the design specifications that tell the programmers exactly what the
candidate system must do. It includes the following steps.
- Design the physical system.
- Specify input and output
media.
- Design the database and
specify backup procedures.
- Design physical information
flow through the system and a physical design Walk through.
- Plan system implementation.
- Prepare a conversion
schedule and target date.
- Determine training
procedures, courses and timetable.
- Devise a test and implementation
plan and specify any new hardware/software.
- Update benefits , costs ,
conversion date and system constraints
Design/Specification activities
·
Concept formulation.
·
Problem understanding.
·
High level requirements
proposals.
·
Feasibility study.
·
Requirements engineering.
·
Architectural design.
3.4 INPUT DESIGN -
Input Design deals with what data
should be given as input, how the data should be arranged or code, the dialog
to guide the operating personnel in providing input, methods for preparing
input validations and steps to follow when error occur. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of
the input into a computer-based system. This design is important to avoid
errors in the data input process and show the correct direction to the
management for getting correct information from the computerized system. It is
achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large
volume of data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to
be free from errors. The data entry screen is designed in such a way that all
the data manipulates can be performed. It also provides record viewing
facilities.
When the data is entered it will check for its
validity. Data can be entered with the help of screens. Appropriate messages
are provided as when needed so that the user will not be in maize of instant.
Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to
follow.
In this project, the input design consists of
a log in screen, tab for compression/ decompression, source and destination browsing
button, a menu list for selecting the algorithm, Compress/Decompress option,
compress/decompress button.
3.5 OUTPUT
DESIGN -
A quality output is one, which meets the
requirements of the end user and presents the information clearly. The
objective of output design is to convey information about past activities,
current status or projections of the future, signal important events,
opportunities, problems, or warnings, trigger an action, confirm an action etc.
Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationship
with the user and helps in decisions making. In output design the emphasis is
on displaying the output on a CRT screen in a predefined format. The primary
consideration in design of output is the information requirement and objectives
of the end users. The major formation of the output is to convey the
information and so its layout and design need a
careful consideration.
There is an output display screen for
showing the compressed/ decompressed file or folder details (Original file
size, Compressed/Decompressed file size, distinct characters)
3.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM -
Data flow oriented techniques advocate that
the major data items handled by a system must be first identified and then the
processing required on these data items to produce the desired outputs should
be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble chart) is a simple graphical
formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data to the
system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output generated
by the system. It was introduced by De Macro (1978), Gane and Sarson (1979).The
primitive symbols used for constructing DFD’s are:
Symbols
used in DFD
3.7 DATABASE DESIGN -
A database is an
organized mechanism that has the capability of storing information through
which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective and efficient
manner. The data is the purpose of any database and must be protected.
The database
design is a two level process. In the first step, user requirements are
gathered together and a database is designed which will meet these requirements
as clearly as possible. This step is called Information Level Design and it is
taken independent of any individual Database Management System (DBMS).
In the second
step, this Information level design is transferred into a design for the
specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This step
is called Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the
specific DBMS that will be used. A database design runs parallel with the
system design. The organization of the data in the database is aimed to achieve
the following two major objectives.
·
Data Integrity
·
Data independence
3.9 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3.9.1 Overview of Visual Basic and MS Access
The Control Properties
Before writing an event procedure for the control to response
to a user's input, you have to set certain properties for the control to
determine its appearance and how it will work with the event procedure. You can
set the properties of the controls in the properties window or at runtime.
Handling some of the common controls
The Text Box
The text box is the standard control for accepting input
from the user as well as to display the output. It can handle string (text) and
numeric data but not images or pictures. String in a text box can be converted
to a numeric data by using the function Val(text). The following example
illustrates a simple program that processes the input from the user.
Example
In this program, two text boxes are inserted
into the form together with a few labels. The two text boxes are used to accept
inputs from the user and one of the labels will be used to display the sum of
two numbers that are entered into the two text boxes. Besides, a command button
is also programmed to calculate the sum of the two numbers using the plus operator.
The program use creates a variable sum to accept the summation of values from
text box 1 and text box 2.The procedure to calculate and to display the output
on the label is shown below.
The Label
The label is a very useful control for Visual Basic, as it
is not only used to provide instructions and guides to the users, it can also
be used to display outputs. One of its most important properties is Caption.
Using the syntax label. Caption, it can display text and numeric data .
You can change its caption in the properties window and also at runtime.
Please refer to Example 3.1 and Figure 3.1 for the usage of label.
The Command Button
The command button is one of the most important controls as
it is used to execute commands. It displays an illusion that the button is
pressed when the user click on it. The most common event associated with the
command button is the Click event, and the syntax for the procedure is
Private Sub Command1_Click ()
Statements
End Sub
The Picture Box
The Picture Box is one of the controls that is used to
handle graphics. You can load a picture at design phase by clicking on the
picture item in the properties window and select the picture from the selected
folder. You can also load the picture at runtime using the LoadPicture method.
For example, the statement will load the picture grape.gif into the picture
box.
Picture1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB
program\Images\grape.gif")
You will learn more about the picture box in future
lessons. The image in the picture box is not resizable.
The Image Box
The Image Box is another control that handles images and
pictures. It functions almost identically to the picture box. However, there is
one major difference, the image in an Image Box is stretchable, which means it
can be resized. This feature is not available in the Picture Box. Similar to
the Picture Box, it can also use the LoadPicture method to load the picture.
For example, the statement loads the picture grape.gif into the image box.
Image1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB
program\Images\grape.gif")
The List Box -
The function of the List Box is to present a list of items
where the user can click and select the items from the list. In order to add
items to the list, we can use the AddItem method. For example, if you
wish to add a number of items to list box 1, you can key in the following
statements
Example
Private Sub Form_Load ( )
List1.AddItem “Lesson1”
List1.AddItem “Lesson2”
List1.AddItem “Lesson3”
List1.AddItem “Lesson4”
End Sub
The items in the list box can be identified by the ListIndex
property, the value of the ListIndex for the first item is 0, the second item
has a ListIndex 1, and the second item has a ListIndex 2 and so on
The Combo Box -
The function of the Combo Box is also to present a list of
items where the user can click and select the items from the list. However, the
user needs to click on the small arrowhead on the right of the combo box to see
the items which are presented in a drop-down list. In order to add items to the
list, you can also use the AddItem method. For example, if you wish to
add a number of items to Combo box 1, you can key in the following statements
Example
Private Sub Form_Load ( )
Combo1.AddItem “Item1”
Combo1.AddItem “Item2”
Combo1.AddItem “Item3”
Combo1.AddItem “Item4”
End Sub
The Check Box -
The Check Box control lets the user selects or
unselects an option. When the Check Box is checked, its value is set to 1 and
when it is unchecked, the value is set to 0. You can include the
statements Check1.Value=1 to mark the Check Box and Check1.Value=0 to unmark
the Check Box, as well as use them to initiate certain actions. For
example, the program will change the background color of the form to red when
the check box is unchecked and it will change to blue when the check box is
checked. You will learn about the conditional statement If….Then….Elesif
in later lesson. VbRed and vbBlue are color constants and BackColor is the
background color property of the form.
The Option Box
The Option Box control also lets the user selects one of
the choices. However, two or more Option Boxes must work together because as
one of the Option Boxes is selected, the other Option Boxes will be unselected.
In fact, only one Option Box can be selected at one time. When an option box is
selected, its value is set to “True” and when it is unselected; its value is
set to “False”. In the following example, the shape control is placed in the
form together with six Option Boxes. When the user clicks on different option
boxes, different shapes will appear. The values of the shape control are 0, 1,
and 2,3,4,5 which will make it appear as a rectangle, a square, an oval shape,
a rounded rectangle and a rounded square respectively.
Example
Private Sub Option1_Click ( )
Shape1.Shape = 0
End Sub
Private Sub Option2_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 1
End Sub
Private Sub Option3_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 2
End Sub
Private Sub Option4_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 3
End Sub
Private Sub Option5_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 4
End Sub
Private Sub Option6_Click()
Shape1.Shape = 5
End Sub
The Drive List Box
The Directory List Box
The Directory List Box is for displaying the list of
directories or folders in a selected drive. When you place this control into
the form and run the program, you will be able to select different directories
from a selected drive in your computer as shown in Figure 3.4
The File List Box
The File List Box is for displaying the list of files in a
selected directory or folder. When you place this control into the form and run
the program, you will be able to shown the list of files in a selected
directory as shown in Figure 3.5
You can coordinate the Drive List Box, the Directory List
Box and the File List Box to search for the files you want. The procedure will
be discussed in later lessons.
MS ACCESS 2003 -
The keywords involved in the process are: Database
File, Table, Record, Field, Data-type. Here is the Hierarchy that Microsoft
Access uses in breaking down a database.
4.2 TESTING - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Testing is a process of executing a
program with the interest of finding an error. A good test is one that has high
probability of finding the yet undiscovered error. Testing should
systematically uncover different classes of errors in a minimum amount of time
with a minimum amount of efforts. Two classes of inputs are provided to test
the process
1.
A software
configuration that includes a software requirement specification, a design
specification and source code.
2.
A software
configuration that includes a test plan and procedure, any testing tool and
test cases and their expected results.
Testing is
divided into several distinct operations:
1. Unit Testing
Unit test comprises of a set
tests performed by an individual program prior to the integration of the unit
into large system. A program unit is usually the smallest free functioning part
of the whole system. Module unit testing should be as exhaustive as possible to
ensure that each representation handled by each module has been tested. All the
units that makeup the system must be tested independently to ensure that they
work as required.
During unit testing some errors were raised
and all of them were rectified and handled well. The result was quiet
satisfactory and it worked well.
2. Integration Testing
Integration testing is a system technique
for constructing the program structure while at the same time conducting tests
to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit
tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by design.
Bottom-up integration is the traditional strategy used to integrate the
components of a software system into functioning whole. Bottom-up integration
consists
of unit test followed by testing of the entire system. A
sub-system consists of several modules that communicated with other defined
interface.
The system was done the integration testing.
All the modules were tested for their compatibility with other modules .They
test was almost successful. All the modules coexisted very well, with almost no
bugs. All the modules were encapsulated very well so as to not hamper the
execution of other modules.
3. Validation Testing
After validation testing, software is
completely assembled as a package, interfacing errors that have been uncovered
and corrected and the final series of software test; the validation test
begins. Steps taken during software design and testing can greatly improve the probability
of successful integration in the larger system. System testing is actually a
series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the
compute –based system.
4. Recovery Testing
It
is a system that forces the software to fail in a variety of ways and verifies
that the recovery is properly performed.
5. Security Testing
It
attempts to verify that protection mechanisms built into a system will in fact
protect it from improper penetration. The system’s security must of course be
tested from in vulnerability form frontal attack.
6. Stress Testing
Stress
tools are designed to confront programs with abnormal situations. Stress
testing executes a system in a manner that demands resources in abnormal
quantity and volume.
7. Black Box Testing
Black
box testing is done to find out the following information as shown in below:
1.
Incorrect
or missing functions.
2.
Interface
errors.
3.
Errors
or database access.
4.
Performance
error.
5.
Termination
error.
The
mentioned testing is carried out successfully for this application according to
the user’s requirement specification.
8. Test Data Output
After
preparing test data, the system under study is tested using the test data.
While testing the system using test data, errors are again uncovered and
corrected by using above testing and corrections are also noted for future use.
6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT - BUS TICKET RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The project E-Ticketing is
completed, satisfying the required design specifications. The system provides a
user-friendly interface. The software is developed with modular
approach. All modules in the system have been tested with valid data and
invalid data and everything work successfully. Thus the system has fulfilled
all the objectives identified and is able to replace the existing system. The
constraints are met and overcome successfully. The system is designed as like
it was decided in the design phase. This software has a user-friendly screen
that enables the user to use without any inconvenience. The ticket machines
would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by conductors.
Instead, the conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare
stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs
only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that
of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. It
would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly
with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important
points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more
efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on
concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the
data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer.
The application has been
tested with live data and has provided a successful result. Hence the software
has proved to work efficiently.
1 comment:
Thanks for sharing. Actually, Online Bus Reservation and Management System is so helpful for both customers and operators. Using this online bus ticketing system, customers buy bus tickets from anywhere at any time.
CW Ticketing System is software development company that provides the best bus ticketing system that easy to use and install.
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