Free bca final year projects
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3.6 Free bca final year projects SDLC Model.
THE INCREMENTAL,
ITERATIVE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LIFE CYCLE:
When we defining and constructing credit card validation
systems will uncover many requirements that may be difficult at outset. Instead
knowledge of the system and requirements will grow as work progress the whole
software engineering process is designed to uncover details and incompatibilities
in the requirements that may not be obvious to customer and bankers at outset.
Several cases or increments of software development
additional increases will be build and delivered in successive increment system
normally involves as are deliver successive new versions, the free bca final
year projects development of first version from sketch called green field
development is special case of incremental development the development of first
increment is an important activity series we establish the architectural base
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Free BCA Final year Projects WATERFALL LIFECYCLE MODEL:
Waterfall model states that the phases (analysis, design,
and coding, testing, support) are systematized in a linear order and each phase
should accomplished entirely earlier of the next phase begins.
In this way the free bca final year projects step by step
phase initially analysing phase is completed and that output takes place at the
end of analyze phase after that output will be given as input for the design
phase, depending on the Free download MCA projects in JAVA with documentation inputs it generates all
design steps, like ways all phases processed and produced all successful
outputs, And will to find out whether the project is pursuing on the exact path
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may be discard or any other action takes place to continue. The free bca final year projects model is the
most commonly used and also known as linear sequential lifecycle model.
- Bca final year projects free download Mobile banking Last
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- Free bca final year projects part 1 Free BCA Final year Projects ADVANTAGES:
- This model is very easy to use
and implement.
- Each phase is completed at a
time and processed.
- This model better works for
smaller projects if only the requirements are well understood.
4. In
each phase have deliverables and that must be reviewed.
Free BCA Final year Projects DISADVANTAGES:
- If the free bca final year projects
requirements are gathered are inaccurate then the final product is
inaccurate and the error is known in the final phase of the model. Any
sort of errors that cannot be detected in any previous phase.
- For long, object-oriented, complex
and ongoing projects it’s a poor model.
- This model has high risks.
Fig: Waterfall Lifecycle Model
Free BCA Final year Projects PROTOTYPE MODEL:
- In this model the free bca final year
projects requirements are gathered firstly, and the prototype is deployed
according to the requirements. This prototype is a quick design which goes
through the coding, design and testing. The free bca final year projects
phases are not done in detail. By seeing this prototype the client feels
like a real system, so that the client understands the entire requirements
of the systems.
Free BCA Final year Projects ADVANTAGES:
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developers are interestingly engaged.
- The prototype developed that is used by the users for well
understanding of the methodology
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improved.
- The flaws and faults are identified early.
- The user’s opinion about the free bca final year projects product
is known early which leads to an improved system.
Free BCA Final year Projects DISADVANTAGES:
- This model focuses on design quite than functionality.
- The model is implemented firstly and then errors are evaluated
later which becomes a complex process
- The model is also known as throw-away prototype.
- More time spent on development of the prototype that result in
delay of the final product.
Fig: Prototyping
Methodology.
- SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 Software
interfaces
Tools:: Edit Plus
Operating System: Windows NT/2000
Server Side: Servlets, Tomcat Server
Client Side: J2ME
Services: JDBC
Database:
My SQL
Processor:
Pentium-III (or) Higher
Ram: 64MB (or) Higher
Cache: 512MB
Hard disk: 10GB
The free bca
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connection.
5.0.
Free BCA Final year Projects Languages of implementation.
J2ME Architecture:
Java Platform, Micro Edition, or Java ME, is a Java platform
designed for mobile devices and embedded systems. Target devices range from
industrial controls to mobile phones (especially feature phones) and set-top
boxes. Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME).Java ME was designed by Sun Microsystems, now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation; the platform replaced a similar technology, Personal Java. Originally developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 68, the free bca final year projects different flavors of Java ME have evolved in separate JSRs. Sun provides a reference implementation of the specification, but has tended not to provide free binary implementations of its Java ME runtime environment for mobile devices, rather relying on third parties to provide their own.
As of 22 December 2006, the free bca final year projects Java ME source code is licensed under the GNU General Public License, and is released under the project name phoneme.
As of 2008, all Java ME platforms are currently restricted to JRE 1.3 features and uses that version of the class file format (internally known as version 47.0). Should Sun ever declare a new round of Java ME configuration versions that support the Free Download MCA Final Year Project Report later class file formats and language features, such as those corresponding JRE 1.5 or 1.6 (notably, generics), it will entail extra work on the part of all platform vendors to update their JREs.
Java ME devices implement a profile. The most common of these are the Mobile Information Device Profile aimed at mobile devices, such as cell phones, and the Personal Profile aimed at consumer products and embedded devices like set-top boxes and PDAs. Profiles are subsets of configurations, of which there are currently two: the free bca final year projects Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) and the Connected Device Configuration (CDC).
Free BCA Final year Projects
The mobile environment has a unique set of attributes not found anywhere else. From intermittently-connected wireless networks to the free bca final year projects ever-increasing diversity of mobile devices, the mobile environment has introduced many new challenges to building software applications. The impact of these challenges on server-side software development requires a systematic resolution at the free bca final year projects software infrastructure level. Without such a resolution, application developers will be forced to produce point solutions, custom code, and patches, creating convoluted legacy architecture that will result in exorbitant maintenance costs.J2EE is a server-side technology originally designed to meet the challenges of Web-based application development. Although it was designed to be flexible and extensible to meet the future requirements of new technology paradigms, no augmentation of the J2EE standard has yet occurred to address the free bca final year projects challenges of developing mobile applications. The market pressure to get mobile applications out to the enterprise workforce, combined with the lack of de facto architectural leadership from the free bca final year projects technology giants in the space, have made point solutions and custom coding the common practices. J2EE technology, however, will help to extend support to and standardize mobile application development.
In this article, I will explore the fundamental architecture of J2EE and how to capitalize on its flexibility, extensibility, and openness by proposing a new server-side J2EE component model to drastically simplify, standardize, and enhance mobile application development.
Free BCA Final year Projects Understanding Mobile Application Development Challenges
New mobile devices continue to rapidly enter the free bca final year
projects market, each consisting of varying configurations. Some devices, such
as PDAs (personal digital assistants) and Pocket PCs, have ample memory, large
color displays, and sound capabilities, while others have black-and-white
displays and limited memory. Some devices are shipped with browsers, while
other devices focus on client-side applications. Even devices with browsers
that may support the same markup language will often interpret the markup
language quite differently. Many mobile devices can support Java through a micro version of the free bca final year projects Java Virtual Machine called KVM (Kilo Virtual Machine). KVM can not only run Java applications built for mobile devices -- the so-called J2ME (Java 2, Micro Edition) applications -- but also supports a superior user interface and off-line functionality during instances of intermittent wireless network connections.
In any case, the common characteristic of these applications is their server-side interaction. They all rely on server-side logic to supply them with the appropriate data and communicate via Internet standard protocols such as HTTP. This shifts a large chunk of the free bca final year projects coordination burden to the server side; the server-side application logic must be designed to support each of these devices while fully utilizing all of the device's features. In the free bca final year projects case of browser-based applications (e.g., WML, c-HTML), the content needs to be formatted properly for the mobile device display and browser. Even in the case of J2ME applications, a significant amount of server-side intelligence is required. For example, the free bca final year projects proper J2ME application must be provided -- i.e., the right application must be chosen for the requesting wireless device, and the version must be checked before delivery.
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The free bca final year projects wireless network also implicitly affects the development of the applications. Limited bandwidth, high latency, and intermittent connectivity often plague wireless networks. Design efforts to combat network challenges, such as high latency, may involve delivering the maximum amount of content supported by each device, reducing unnecessary requests (or chattiness) over the free bca final year projects high-latency wireless link. This so-called "forward-caching design" relies on a forward-caching software infrastructure resource to intelligently detect the memory of the device making the request, estimate compiled size of content, paginate the free bca final year projects content, deliver it, and transparently maintain the links among the pages. In the case of J2ME, even greater sophistication is required, since the free bca final year projects software must provide code as well as data. The cache manager ultimately decides what parts (classes) can be delivered to the mobile device.The mobile environment also creates a new application paradigm that may involve multi-modal device access, where a user can swap devices and access methods such as voice and data in the free bca final year projects middle of an application. The application may require non-HTTP messaging models for notifications, location-based services, and potentially even a new security model. This new application paradigm affects server-side development by requiring multi-modal session managers and access to non-HTTP messaging channels.
Free BCA Final year Projects Mobile Application Development with J2EE -- First-Generation Approaches
J2EE defines a standard for developing multi-tier enterprise applications by
not only basing them on standardized, modular components, but also providing
services (e.g., secure transactions) to those components. In other words, J2EE
gives the developer a framework and a set of services that simplify the free
bca final year projects development of Web-based applications. The framework
and the associated services are implemented and packaged as products called
J2EE application servers. The developer extends the application services (e.g.,
Servlets, Java Server Pages, and Enterprise Java Beans) and writes to a set of
APIs that solve a significant portion of the free bca final year projects
underlying software challenge for Web-based development. The J2EE application
server allows the developer to focus on application development while providing
a clean separation between the application server and the application code. In
the application code, the developer is encouraged to keep the presentation
layer code as separate as possible from business logic to reduce the free bca
final year projects maintenance cost.Some of the basic building blocks of J2EE are:
- Servlets
- Java Server Pages (JSP)
- Enterprise Java Beans (EJB)
- Java Messaging Service (JMS)
- Java Database Connectivity
(JDBC)
- Java Naming and Directory
Interface (JNDI)
- Java Mail
- Extensible Markup Language
(XML)
 Figure 1: Standard J2EE Architecture Free BCA Final year Projects |
·
Future-proof presentation management. The
application must interface with many heterogeneous wireless networks and
protocols, and control the content presentation and formatting for multiple
mobile devices existing both today and soon to be released in the free bca
final year projects future.
·
Seamless session management. The
application must seamlessly initiate, successfully manage, and terminate user
sessions while assuming no cookie support on end-user devices and a
sporadically-connected wireless network.
·
Robust messaging and notification. The
application must communicate with many different unified messaging resources
typically found around a mobile user (e.g., fax, SMS (Short Messaging Systems),
pagers, and voice), using robust messaging interfaces that enable push/pull
functionality in a synchronous or asynchronous manner.
·
Open APIs. The free bca final year
projects application must access existing data access and business logic layers
(i.e., middle tier), back-end data sources (e.g., databases, ISV business
objects), and other software and application server services through uniform
interfaces.
Free BCA Final year Projects
Each requirement of this mobile solution requires a significant amount of customization work. The J2EE architecture's presentation layer, for example, is primarily HTML-based, thus limiting the free bca final year projects target mobile devices to mostly Web browsers. Mobile devices and wireless networks, on the other hand, are much more diverse. Since different devices have different capabilities and may utilize different markup languages (HTML, WML, HDML, cHTML, VoiceXML), a developer may choose to build many different presentation layers for the Free Download MCA Final Year Project Synopsis different devices, or build one presentation layer and apply a transformation for each device. This problem is commonly called the "Mobile Presentation Challenge." In either case, device-specific information (i.e., a device profile or device model) is required in order to choose a presentation layer or a transformation. Developers typically follow one of these two paths in trying to solve the free bca final year projects Mobile Presentation Challenge.Free BCA Final year Projects The Basic Content Transformation Problem
The second route involves first defining an XSL (Extensible Style Sheets) library, which is used to transform the single XML presentation layer into a markup language suitable for each client device. Although this approach has better separation of application logic from presentation logic, the XSL presentation logic becomes so complex that it soon requires its own application logic, written in XSL command sequences. This basic approach of building style sheets for each device becomes costly to maintain and upgrade as new devices become available, since the free bca final year projects embedded conditional presentation logic needs reworking each time.
Free BCA Final year Projects
A more effective approach might be to model each device by specifying its features (e.g., display size, supported markup language, etc.), develop a set of style guides for each device feature, and dynamically assemble the style sheets based on the free bca final year projects features of the device making the request. Although you would be authoring a significant amount of presentation conversion logic, you may, in this way, be able to avoid some of the maintenance time of updating a style sheet library as new devices become available. XSL, while well-positioned to process text and convert among XML trees, is not a structured programming language. Thus, XSL is not the free bca final year projects ideal choice for creating the complex presentation conversion logic required to dynamically assemble style sheets. If this route is chosen, mixing and matching with different programming languages may be required, presenting the free bca final year projects familiar burden of ever- increasing complexity and maintenance costs.Free BCA Final year Projects
After the first step of defining the XSL library, the developer builds a servlet and within it constructs a string buffer of the XML or a DOM (Document Object Model) for the presentation. The developer must then pass the string buffer or DOM and the appropriate style sheet (which may or may not be dynamically assembled based on device features) to an XSLT (XSL Transformer), which then passes the free bca final year projects device-specific markup language in the servlet request. This development is typically intricate enough that in most implementations there is a significant amount of integration and coding that must occur within the servlet. For example, you would be required to identify the free bca final year projects appropriate device, identify the relevant features, and assemble the style sheet based on these features.A more elegant approach simply uses JSP to lay down the XML and automatically call the free bca final year projects right tranform, so that you focus more on building the application and less on building and tweaking the presentation look and feel.
Although challenging on its own, as seen in the two route choices above, basic mobile presentation is only the beginning of a long, circuitous journey as far as mobile application challenges are concerned. Unfortunately, neither approach has the free bca final year projects capability to solve the more perplexing problems that one may face ahead.
Free BCA Final year Projects Advanced Mobile Presentation -- Content Pagination and Caching Challenges
One patch is to "page" the free bca final year projects data at the data source (i.e., the data access layer) based on the lowest-common-denominator device to be supported, which will result in small pages. Unfortunately, this process will lead to burdensome delays for devices without memory or display restraints, since they will be making repeated requests for the small pages over high-latency wireless links, introducing unnecessary chattiness into applications.
Free BCA Final year Projects
Another option inserts logic at the presentation layer based on the free bca final year projects memory attribute of the device and "pages" the resulting XML at this appropriate layer. This option requires introducing yet another layer of complex application logic at the presentation layer, violating a basic principle of sound J2EE design and increasing the maintenance cost. In either case, the paginated content on the free bca final year projects server would have to be stored and appropriate links between the pages would have to be created. This problem is even more complex than meets the eye, because some pages may have been served to the mobile devices, and the Free Download BCA Final Year Project Report rest will be stored on the server.It is crucial to note that this scenario again increases rather than decreases complexity, if the free bca final year projects developer wants to add functionality to the patch that paginates the content at the application and/or presentation layer. Let's assume the developer obtains a device profile for the device making the request to identify the free bca final year projects optimal size of the content pages. The developer can use this information to write custom presentation logic to paginate the content and reduce the probability of memory overflow.
Free BCA Final year Projects
From the free bca final year projects device profile, the developer may also choose to further customize the XML based on other device features and attributes to improve the user experience beyond optimal content pages. That is, the developer may personalize the application flow and content based on how the device accesses the free bca final year projects application, inserting ad hoc application logic into the application and presentation layers in addition to implementing a proprietary methodology to handle different device attributes.The maintenance cost of this custom coding approach will be an eye-opener. Developing a custom transformation engine that dynamically assembles a library based on device features makes adding devices easier, but in itself can be an extensive development project that still faces scalability and reliability issues. The picture is further complicated in the Free Download BCA Final Year Project Synopsis common scenario in which the developer needs to override the automatic transformation for a specific set of pages and devices. For example, customizing a branding page's size, shape, and logo color for a certain set of devices are common requirements, and the free bca final year projects transformation engine should allow for overriding and providing full control over the look and feel.
Free BCA Final year Projects Servlet Architecture:
- Servlet
- Small portion of the
content is static text or markup
- Do not produce content
- Perform a task on
behalf of the client
- JavaServer Pages
- Extension of servlet
technology
- Most of the free bca
final year projects content is static text or markup
- Small portion of the
content is generated dynamically
- Servlet container (servlet
engine)
- Server that executes a
servlet
Free BCA Final year Projects Web servers and application servers
- Sun Java System
Application Server
- Microsoft’s Internet
Information Server (IIS)
- Apache HTTP Server
- BEA’s WebLogic
Application Server
- IBM’s WebSphere
Application Server
- World Wide Web
Consortium’s Jigsaw Web Server
- Figure 26.1: Servlet Architecture
- Interface Servlet (http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/api/)
- All servlets must
implement this interface
- All methods of
interface Servlet are invoked by servlet container
- Servlet life cycle
- Servlet container
invokes the free bca final year projects servlet’s init method
- Servlet’s service
method handles requests
- Servlet’s destroy
method releases servlet resources when the servlet container terminates
the servlet
Free BCA Final year Projects Interface Servlet implementation
- GenericServlet
- Abstract class
- Package javax.servlet
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servlet
- HttpServlet
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javax.servlet.http
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- Key method service
- ServletRequest and
ServletResponse
Free BCA Final year Projects HttpServlet Class
- Overrides method
service
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request types
- get requests --
Get/retrieve information from server
- post requests --
Post/send data to server
- Method doGet responds
to get requests
- Method doPost responds
to post requests
- HttpServletRequest and
HttpServletResponse objects
Free BCA Final year Projects HttpServletRequest Interface
- Servlet container
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HttpServletRequest object
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- HttpServletResponse Interface Free BCA Final year Projects
- Servlet container
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