ONLINE MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT
Table Of Contents
Title
1. Certificate
2. Preface
3. Acknowledgement
4. Organization Profile
5. Introduction to ASP.NET using C#
6. Introduction to ONLINE CINEMA TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM
7. Planning Phase
8. Analysis Phase
9. Design & Implementation
10. Screen Shots & their Description
11. Testing
12. Bibliography
PREFACE
Effective management of projects is vital for the development
of economy because development itself is the effect of series of successful
managed projects. This makes project management extremely important problem
area for developing economy such as ours. Unfortunately many projects
experience schedule slippage and cost overruns due to variety of reasons. To
remedy the situation, a project has to be meticulously planned, effectively
implemented and professionally managed to achieve the objective of the time,
cost and performance. Computerization of the project management can play a
major role in streamlining the management of project. Thus we see the computer
becoming necessity in the day to day life. The use of computer also involves
the feeling of healthy competition with the organization receiving much
attention these days. Almost everyday uses of paper carry advertisements asking
for project managers. The scenario was not so bright a few years back. For that
matter even today though lots of seminars are held on project management, name
of the universities in India
Online Cinema Ticket Booking Description
Welcome to newly designed website cinema ticket booking is a faster, cleaner and a tad more personal website, specially designed to make your booking experience better. Log on, navigate and find out for yourselves and if time permits leave your valuable feedback.
Customers may view the contents of any movie show at any time and may book any movie ticket as needed. The program automatically calculates the subtotal and grand total. When a visitor decides to finally book the ticket, the order information including the buyer's name, address and billing instruction is stored in the database securely and payment has been made.
The combo booking is also provided at the time of booking the ticket and there’s a wonderful facility of delivering the combos at your seat when you are watching the movie.
You need to register a new user whenever you have first visited or site then for future it will be stored in our database permanently and you can book you movie ticket at any time you want with this username and password.
Online Cinema Ticket Booking Features
- Database Search Feature
- Supports credit card transactions
- Supports SQL database for movie database for speedy movie info lookups.
- Can save customer contact information for their next visit, so they do not have to re-type it.
- Using the SQL module the cart can handle very large product databases.
- Ability to store order information in a secure file
- Ability to order more than one ticket and combo at a time
- Ability to assign the different seat numbers to different users.
Online Cinema Ticket Booking Working
The booking information is kept in a text database, which consists of: combo cost, username, seat type, no of seats booked, ticket cost and net payable amount to be paid by the customer. This database is modified when the user books the ticket.
The customer can be presented with a booking page, which allows them to add more of the same items or remove items from the combo items. The booking page also shows the seat type to be booked, no of seats to be booked, service charges to be applied, ticketing cost and net payable amount to the customer.
The customer can be presented with a booking page, which allows them to add more of the same items or remove items from the combo items. The booking page also shows the seat type to be booked, no of seats to be booked, service charges to be applied, ticketing cost and net payable amount to the customer.
When the customers have done their booking they will checkout using the payment information page. This page collects data about the customer, his bank name, his credit card number, credit card type, address, telephone number, mobile number, and CVV information.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
FEASIBILITY Analysis
Feasibility study is done so that an ill-conceived
system is recognized early in definition phase. During system engineering,
however, we concentrate our attention on four primary areas of interest. This
phase is really important as before starting with the real work of building the
system it was very important to find out whether the idea thought is possible
or not.
Ø Economic Feasibility: An evaluation of
development cost weighted against the ultimate income or benefit derived from
the developed system.
Ø Technical Feasibility: A study of function,
performance and constraints that may affect the ability to achieve an
acceptable system.
Ø Operational Feasibility: A study about the
operational aspects of the system.
Economic Analysis
Among the most important information
contained in feasibility study is Cost Benefit Analysis and assessment of the
economic justification for a computer based system project. Cost Benefit
Analysis delineates costs for the project development and weighs them against
tangible and intangible benefits of a system. Cost Benefits Analysis is
complicated by the criteria that vary with the characteristics of the system to
be developed, the relative size of the project and the expected return on
investment desired as part of company’s strategic plan. In addition, many
benefits derived from a computer-based system are intangible (e.g. better
design quality through iterative optimization, increased customer satisfaction
through programmable control etc.)As this is an in-house project for the
company, to be used for its own convenience and also it is not that big a
project. So neither it requires a huge amount of money nor any costly tools or infrastructure
need to be set up for it.
Technical Analysis -MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT
During technical analysis, the technical
merits of the system are studied and at the same time collecting additional
information about performance, reliability, maintainability and predictability.
Technical analysis begins with an
assessment of the technical viability of the proposed system.
Ø What technologies are required to accomplished
system function and performance?
Ø What new materials, methods, algorithms or
processes are required and what is their development risk?
Ø How will these obtained from technical analysis
form the basis for another go/no-go decision on the test system? If the
technical risk is severe, if models indicate that the desired function can not
be achieved, if the pieces just won’t fit together smoothly-it’s back to the
drawing board.
As the software is vary much economically feasible, then it is
really important for it to be technically sound. The software will be build
among:
Ø MS SQL SERVER
as Back End
Ø ASP.NET as Front End
Operational Feasibility
The project is operationally feasible.
This project is being made for the convenience of the patients and doctors
only. This system will greatly reduce a huge burden of doctors. So because of
the above stated advantages the users of the system will not be reluctant at
all.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS -
INTRODUCTION:
System analysis is the process of studying the business processors
and procedures, generally referred to as business systems, to see how they can
operate and whether improvement is needed.
This may involve examining data movement and storage, machines and
technology used in the system, programs that control the machines, people
providing inputs, doing the processing and receiving the outputs.
INVESTIGATION PHASE
The investigation phase is also known as the fact-finding stage or
the analysis of the current system. This is a detailed study conducted with the
purpose of wanting to fully understand the existing system and to identify the
basic information requirements. Various techniques may be used in fact-finding
and all fact obtained must be recorded.
A thorough investigation was done in every effected aspect when
determining whether the purposed system is feasible enough to be implemented.
INVESTIGATION
As
it was essential for us to find out more about the present system, we used the
following methods to gather the information: -
1.
Observation: - Necessary to see
the way the system works first hand.
2 Document
sampling: - These are all the documents that are used in the system. They are necessary to check all the
data that enters and leaves the system.
3 Questionnaires: - These were conducted
to get views of the other employees who are currently employed in the system.
ANALYSIS
OF THE INVESTIGATION
Strengths of the System
1.
No complex equipment: - The
equipment that is used is very simple and no special skills have to be mastered
to be able to operate the system. Therefore no training is required for the
employees.
2.
Low cost: - There is little money spent in
maintaining the present system other than buying the necessary office equipment
and the ledgers.
CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS
The constraints and limitation within a system are the drawbacks
that occur during the implementation of the system. These limitations and
constraints can crop up in almost every system; the most important fact is to
find a way to overcome these problems.
Software design is the first of three technical activities – design,
code generation, and test that are required to build and verify the software.
Each activity transforms information in manner that ultimately results in
validated computer software.
The design task produces a data design, an architectural design, an
interface design and component design.
The design of an information system produces the details that
clearly describe how a system will meet the requirements identified during
system analysis. The system design process is not a step by step adherence of
clear procedures and guidelines. When I started working on system design, I
face different types of problems; many of these are due to constraints imposed
by the user or limitations of hardware and software available. Some times it
was quite difficult to enumerate that complexity of the problems and solutions
thereof since the variety of likely problems is so great and no solutions are
exactly similar however the following consideration I kept in mind during
design phased.
Design
objectives:-
The primary objective of the design is to deliver the requirements
as specified in the feasibility report. These are the some of the objectives,
which I kept in mind.
Ø Practicality: The system is quite stable and
can be operated by the people with average intelligence.
Ø Efficiency:
I tried to involve accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness of the
system output.
Ø Cost: It is desirable to aim for the system
with a minimum cost subject to the condition that it must satisfy the entire
requirement.
Ø Flexibility: I have tried that the system
should be modifiable depending on the changing needs of the user. Such
modifications should entail extensive reconstructing or recreation of software.
It should also be portable to different computer systems.
Ø Security: This is very important aspect which I
followed in this designing phase and tried to covers the areas of hardware
reliability, fallback procedures, and physical security of data.
INITIAL STUDY
INTRODUCTION:
The first step in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the
preliminary investigation to determine the feasibility of the system. The
purpose of the preliminary investigation is to evaluate project requests. It is
not a design study nor does it include the collection of details to describe
the business system in all aspect. Rather it is the collection of the information
that helps committee members to evaluate the merits of the project request and
make an informed judgment about the feasibility of the proposed project.
The
preliminary investigation should accomplish the following objectives.
Ø Clarify and understand the project request.
Ø Determine the size of the project.
Ø Assess costs and benefits of alternative
approaches.
Ø Determine the technical and operational
feasibility of alternative approaches.
Ø Report the findings to management; with
recommendations outlining the acceptance or rejection of the proposal.
Requirement And Feasibility
Analysis -
INTRODUCTION:
What Is A Feasibility Study?
Prior to stating whether the system we have to develop is feasible
or not we believe that we should emphasize on what is implied by the word
“Feasibility”. Feasibility is the measure of how beneficial or practical the
development of the system will be to the organization. It is a preliminary
survey for the systems investigation. It aims to provide information to
facilitate a later in-depth investigation.
The report produced at the end of the feasibility study contains
suggestions and reasoned arguments to help management decide whether to commit
further resources to the proposed project.
Within the scheduled duration we were assigned to study both the
positive and negative aspects of the current manual system, in which we have
come up with a number of drawbacks that prevent the progress of the clinic if
it is continued to function manually.
Having gone through all measures of feasibility we report to the
management to figure out if the objectives of the new system are met.
For e.g. - Is the system within the budget allowed for it?
Will the
organizations needs, be met by the new proposed system as
Originally envisaged?
If and when the objectives of the system are met and the new
system is approved, then the more specific details in the proposal should be
considered and approved.
Types Of Feasibility
There are various measures of feasibility that helps to decide
whether a particular project is feasible or not. These measures include-
·
Operational
Feasibility
·
Technical
Feasibility
·
Economical
and Financial Feasibility
Each of these types will be explained in detail throughout the
project report.
Operational Feasibility
A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an
information system that will meet the operational requirements of an
organization. A system often fails if it does not fit within existing
operations and if users resist the change.
Important issues a systems developer must look into are:
·
Will the
new system be used if implemented in an organization?
·
Are there
major barriers to implementation or is proposed system accepted without
destructive resistance?
The whole purpose of computerizing the Placement System is to handle
the work much more accurately and efficiently with less time consumption. There
will be additional work to be completed, because now the students and the
companies can update their resumes and profiles online. Their database is
maintained separately.
Compared to the semi-computerized system the chances of avoiding
errors in a computerized system is much higher because the user need not stress
himself unnecessarily resulting in recklessness. Unlike the semi-computerized
system there would be backup data for all the information concerning the daily
transactions occurred within the organization.
If we are considering the performance and response time for each
task, it is very much faster since there is less paper work to be completed.
When entering data into the system to relieve the user from additional work and
typing incorrect data, the system provides options such as combo boxes, check
boxes, option buttons and etc. if the users type in incorrect data they would
be informed immediately about the error by the error detection control.
Another important fact to be regarded is the security control, which
is handled by the system. Since data regarding each student and the company is
confidential, security is a key issue. Information falling into the wrong hands
could jeopardize the entire organization. Unlike in semi-computerized systems
the proposed system offers adequate control to protect the organization against
fraud and embezzlement and guarantees the accuracy and security of data and
information. This is handled by the system providing each department and
individuals with separate login names and passwords.
The new system is more user-friendly, which enables the end-user to
complete his/her work efficiently and accurately with interest. After taking
the above fact into consideration we can state the operating of the proposed
system within the organization is feasible.
In this phase of the feasibility study the following two main topics
·
Technical
Performance Aspect
·
Acceptance
within the organization
Technical performance aspect is explained in the technical
feasibility report and there is no new information is needed in this to explain
it again, but as for the acceptance within the organization the following
points are important and those are explained according to the topics
1.
Whether
the system provides right information to the right place.
In the current system which is the semi computerized system the
information may be lost in the process of sending from one place to another.
This is mainly due to human interaction in the process of the transferring
information from one place to another.
2.
Whether
the new system affect the current users in the system
The new proposed system will affect the users in the following areas
·
Accuracy
·
Efficiency
·
Productivity
·
Robustness
·
Lesser
time consuming
.
System Security -
System security is a vital aspect
when it comes to developing a system. The system should ensure the facility of
preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the information and the data
within the system. The system should provide total protection for each user’s
information so that the integrity of data is sustained and also prevent hackers
from hacking the system.
The proposed system ensures the security and the integrity of data.
This is done by providing a password login system for each authorized users.
And for example the System Administrator has access to all kinds of
information.
By providing this facility information is properly managed and
information is protected. For example the system administrator’s day to day
tasks are lessened and easier because he doesn’t have to have a constant eye on
the system and worry about hackers hacking the system.
Economical And Financial Feasibility
In making recommendations a study of
the economics of the proposed system should be made. The proposed system must
be justifiable in terms of cost and benefit, to ensure that the investment in a
new/changed system provide a reasonable return.
Cost-benefit analysis of information is complicated by the fact that
many of the systems cost elements are poorly defined and that benefit can often
be highly qualitative and subjective in nature.
In our proposed system various costs are evaluated. Even though
finding out the costs of the proposed project is difficult we and assume and
estimate the costs and benefits as follows.
According to the computerized system we propose, the costs can be
broken down to two categories.
1. Costs associated with the development of the
system.
2. Costs associated with operating the system.
Software Requirement Specification
The software requirement specification is produced at the
culmination of the analysis task. The function and performance allocated to
software as part of system engineering are refined by establishing a complete
information description, a detailed functional description, a representation of
system behavior, an indication of performance requirement and design
constraints appropriate validation criteria, and other information pertinent to
requirement.
The introduction to software requirements specification states the
goals and objectives of the software, describing it in the context of the
computer based system.
The Information Description provides a detailed description of the
problem that the software must solve. Information content, flow and structure
are documented.
A description of each function required to solve the problem is
presented in the Functional Description.
Validation Criteria is probably the most important and ironically
the most often neglected section of the software requirement specification.
Software requirement specification can be used for different
purpose. Here are the major uses.
not clearly understood by the developer. If this is the case, a
careful analysis – involving much interaction with the user should be devoted
to reaching a clear statement of requirements, in order to avoid possible
misunderstandings.
Sometimes, at the beginning of a project, even the user has no clear
idea of what exactly the desired product is. Think for instance of user
interface , a user with no previous experience with computer products may not
appreciate the difference between , say
menu driven interaction and a command line interface. Even an exact formation
of system functions and performance may be missing an initial description
produced by an inexperienced user.
A
statement of the requirements for the implementation:
Specifications are also used as a reference point during product
implementation. In fact, the ultimate goal of the implementation is to build a
product that needs specification. Thus the implementers use specifications
during design to make design decisions and during the verification activity to
check that the implementation compiles with specifications.
INTRODUCTION TO C#
Let’s look at the key building blocks of .NET and some related technologies.
· C#, a new language
C# is the first component oriented language in the C and C++ family of languages. It is a simple, modern, object oriented and type- safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# combines the high productivity of Microsoft Visual Basic and the raw power of C++.
- Common language runtime
The high performance common language runtime includes as execution engine, a garbage collector, post in time compilation, a security system, and a rich class framework (the .NET Framework). The runtime was designed from the ground up to support multiple languages.
· Common language Specification
The Common Language Specification (CLS) describes a common level of language functionality. The relatively high minimum bar of the CLS enables the creation of a club of CLS compliant languages. Each member of the club enjoys dual benefit: complete access to .NET functionality and rich interoperability with other compliant languages. For e.g. a Visual Basic class can inherit from a C# class and override its virtual methods.
· A Rich Set Of Languages That Target The Runtime
Microsoft provided languages that target the runtime include Visual Basic, Visual C++ with Managed Extensions,
Visual C# and J Script. Third parties are providing many other languages- too many to list he
LANGUAGES USED
Why .NET?
1. Interoperability between languages and execution environments
2. Uniformity in schema or formats for Data Exchange using XML, XSL
3. Extend or use existing code that is valid
4. Programming complexity of environment is reduced
The .NET Framework is…
1. A component model for the internet
2. The new approach to building large scale distributed systems for the Internet
3. Provides the capability to integrate multiple devices
4. Built around the tools and protocols (XML, WSDL, SOAP, HTTP) that are becoming standard on the Internet
The .NET in ASP.NET stands for the .NET Framework, a set of objects and blueprints from Microsoft for building applications. All applications developed under the .NET Framework; including ASP.NET applications, have certain key features that ensure compatibility, security, and stability.
Common Language Runtime (CLR) is an environment that manages the execution of code. With the .NET Framework and CLR, we write code and compile it. However, instead of compiling it into the computer understands, we compile it into a language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). When we compile to MSIL, your application produce something called metadata. This is descriptive information about your application. It tells what the application can do, where it belongs, and so on. When you want to run your program, the CLR takes over and compile the code once more into the computer’s native language. This way MSIL can go on any type of computer. The CLR can speak many different computer languages and does all the compiling for you. Once you compile your application, you can bring it to any other computer. CLR also provides services such as error handling, security features, versioning and deployment support, as well as cross-language integration. That means we can choose any language we want to write our .NET applications, including ASP.NET applications.
The .NET Framework Design Goals
1. Component Development for the Internet
2. "Cross-Language Development”
3. Inheritance, Debugging, Exception handling
4. Reliability and Security
5. Simple Development and Deployment
6. Device-agnostic
ASP.NET:
ASP.NET is a technology that allows us to build and control dynamic Web pages easily. It also provides many enhancements to take advantage of new technology as we can interact with databases, personalize Web pages for visitors, display page on mobile devices (such as cell phones), and even build an entire e-commerce site from scratch.
Previously internet works on request/response model that is an integral part of client/server model. Although this is a marvelous way of communicate and distribute information, it's rather simple and static. When the process is over, once client receives the requesting page from the server the server has no idea what the client is doing unless it makes another request.
There is another model for communicating between server and clients, known as event-driven model.ASP.NET work on this model, it detects action and responds to them i.e. the server waits around for something to happen on the client. Once it does, the server takes action and performs some piece of functionality. Of course, a Web, server can not know what you are thinking, but it can respond to your actions. If you type some text on Web page, the server responds to it. If you click an image, the server responds.
DBMS
SQL SERVER:
SQL Server is an SQL-compliant RDBMS. SQL-compliant means it use the ANSI (American National Standard Institute) version of Structured Query Language or ‘SQL’. Structured Query Language is a command that allow us to modify or retrieve information from the database.
Client server means that SQL Server is designed to store data in the central location (the server) and deliver it on demand to numerous other locations (the client). SQL Server is also a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS).
FEATURES OF SQL SERVER 2005:
Ø Information representation
Ø Unique definition of rows
Ø Systematic treatment of Null values
Ø Guaranteed access
Ø High level Update, Insert, and Delete
Ø Retrieving information from the database.
Ø Accepting query language statements.
Ø Enforcing security specifications.
Ø Enforcing data integrity specifications
Ø Enforcing transaction consistency
Ø Managing data sharing
Ø Optimizing queries
DATABASE DESIGN:
The
overall objective in the development of the database technology has been to
treat data as an organizational resource and as an integrated whole. Database
management system allows data to be protected and organize separately from
other resources. Database is an integrated collection of data. The most
significant of data as seen by the programs and data as stored on the direct
storage access storage devices. This is the difference between logical and
physical data. The organization of data in the database aims to achieve free
major objectives:
Ø Data Integration
Ø Data Integrity
Ø Data Independence
The databases are implemented using a DBMS package. Each particular
DBMS has unique characteristics and general techniques for Database Design.
The
proposed Management Information System stores the information relevant for
processing in the Microsoft SQL Server Database. This MS SQL Server contains
tables, where each table is called a field or column. A table also contains
records which is a set of fields. All records, in a table the same set of
fields with different information. Each table contains key fields that
establish relationships in a MS SQL server database and how the records are
stored. There are primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a
table. There are also fields that contain the primary key from another table
called foreign keys.
It
is a known fact that the program cannot be written until the data are defined,
so the database must be defined. The starting point for this process is data
dictionary. The records data structures and elements to be stored in each
database are identified and extracted.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS - MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT
The basic system requirements for running this project
are listed below:
·
Microsoft Windows 2000
professional, Microsoft Windows XP Home editions, Microsoft Windows XP
Professional edition
·
Sql Server 2005
·
Microsoft .net Framework 2.0
·
Pentium or equivalent
microprocessor(400 MHz or faster)
·
At least 256 MB of RAM
·
At least 10MB of free hard
disk space
·
CDROM
·
Video graphics and monitor
with at least 800 X 600 resolution
SCHEMA DESIGN: MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT
INTRODUCTION:
In database design, several views of data must be
considered along with the persons who use them. In addition to data
structuring, where relationships are reflected between and within entities, we
need to identify the application program’s logical views of data within an
overall logical data structure. The logical view is what the data look like,
regardless of how they are stored. The physical view is the way data exist in
physical storage. It deals with hoe data are stored, accessed, or related to
other data in storage.
The schema is the view that helps the DBMS decide
in storage act upon as requested by the application program.
RELATIONAL MODEL:
Certain rules followed in creating and relating
databases in the relational databases. This governs how to relate data and
prevent redundancy of the data in the databases. The first set of rules called
relational rules ensures that the database is a relational database. The second
set called the normalization rules simplifies the database and reduce the
redundancy of the data.
CODE DESIGN
When large volumes of data are being handled, it is
important that the item be identified, stored or selected easily and quickly.
To accomplish this, each data item must have unique identification and must be
related to other items of the same type. Codes can provide brief identification
of each item, which replace longer description that would be more awkward to
store and manipulate.
The ability to interrupt
codes, evaluate coding schemes and devices new or improved codes are important
skills for a system analyst. Common types of codes are:
SEQUENCE
CODES:
A sequence code has no relation to the
characteristics of an item. Here a dictionary is required. The data is arranged
alphabetically and numbered sequentially. When a new data item is added it is
given the next sequence number. The advantage of this code is that it has the
ability touched with an unlimited number of digits.
SIGNIFICANT DIGIT CODE:
It is a code
in which the number describes measurable physical characteristics of the item.
ALPHABETIC
CODE:
Here, the item are specified by the user of letter
and number combinations,
SELF CHECKING CODE:
It uses a
check digit to check the validity of codes. These types of codes are an
important means of controlling the validity of data that are being processed.
VALIDATION CHECKS:
A common
problem with computer system is that it is very easy to put incorrect data into
them. So the input data is validated to minimize errors and data entry. For
certain data specific code has been given and validations are done which enable
the user to enter the required data and correct them if they have entered wrong
codes, e.g. you could mistype a link name or a URL in a database resulting in
reports being occurred in the wrong link name. if you put incorrect data into
the computer system then you will get incorrect results out of it. Processing
incorrect inputs will produce incorrect outputs. This lead to the acronym: GIGO
(Garbage In Garbage Out).
Sometimes incorrect data can actually cause a
computer system to stop work temporarily. This is a particular problem in batch
processing systems when data may be processed overnights. If incorrect data
stops a batch processing systems for working then a whole night processing time
may be lost.
People who develop computer systems go to a lot of
trouble to make it difficult for incorrect data to be entered. The two main
techniques used for this purpose are:
Ø
VERIFICATION
Ø
VALIDATION
Verification:
A verification check ensures that data i9s correctly
transferred into a computer from the medium that it was originally stored on.
Verification checks are usually used to check that a data entry worker has
correctly typed information written on a data collection form into a computer.
Methods of Verification:
The two most common methods of verification are:
Ø On-Screen prompts: After a
user has entered some data it is redisplayed on the screen. The user is
prompted to read the data and confirm that it has been entered correctly. If
the user has entered any data incorrectly he should response that the data is
inaccurate and retypes the incorrect parts.
Ø
Dual
Inputs: This method is used when data is entered through the keyboard. The data
to be entered is typed in twice by two different operations. The two copies of
data are been compared, any difference are detected, the operators will be
prompted to retype the sections that differ until both copies agree.
Ø VALIDATION:
A validation check is an
automatic check made by computer to ensure that any data entered into the
computer is sensible. A validation check does not make sure that data has been
entered correctly. It only ensures that data is sensible. For this reason
validation checks are not usually as effective as verification checks. They can
however be carried out automatically by the computer and therefore require less
work by the computer operators making them cheaper to use.
Methods of validation:
There are many
different methods of validations. The most appropriate method to use will
depend upon what data is being entered. The most common methods are listed
here.
Ø
Presence Checks: checks that data has been entered into the field and
that it has not been left blank, e.g. checks that Project ID is always entered
into each record in a database of project details.
Ø Type Checks: checks that an entered value is of
particular type. E.g. checks that a field is varchar, a number, etc.
Ø
Length Checks: checks that an entered value, e.g. Project ID is no
longer than a particular number of characters.
Ø Format Checks: Checks that an entered value has
a particular format. E.g. a date must be consist of “mm-dd-yy” format.
Validation checks can be
performed by any piece of software. If the user tries to do unauthorized
operations the appropriate error messages are produced by the systems.
DATA DICTIONARY:
In our DFD, we give names to data flows, processes,
and data stores. Although the names are descriptive of the data, they do not
give details. So the following the DFD, our interest is to build some
structured place to keep details of the contents of data flow, processes, and
data store. A data dictionary is a structured repository of data about data. It
is a set of rigorous definition of all DFD data element and data structure.
A data dictionary has many advantages. The most
obvious is documentation; it is valuable reference in any organization. Another
advantage is improving analyst/user communication by establishing consistent
definition of various elements, terms and procedures. During implementation, it
serves as a common base against which programmers who are working on the system
compare data description. Also control information maintained for each data
element is cross referenced in the data dictionary. E.g. program that use a
given data element are cross referenced in a data dictionary, which makes it
easy to identify them and make any necessary changes. Finally, a data
dictionary is an important step in building a database. Most database
management system has a data dictionary as a standard feature.
INPUT DESIGN:
The input design is the link between the
information system and the user. It comprises developing specification and
procedure for data preparation and those steps that are necessary to put
transaction data into a usable form for processing data entry. The activity of
putting data into the computer for processing can be achieved by instructing
the computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by
having people key data directly into the system. The design of inputs focuses
on controlling the amount of inputs required, controlling errors, avoiding
delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple.
SYSTEM TESTING
INTRODUCTION:
The
purpose of system testing is to identify and correct errors in the candidate
system. Testing is and important element of software quality assurance ad
represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. The
increasing visibility of the software as a system element and the cost
associated with a software failure are motivated forces for well planned,
through testing.
System testing was conducted in order to detect errors and for
comparing then the final system with the requirement specification reports,
i.e. whether the system meets requirements. During testing the software was
executed with the set of test cases and the output of programs for the test
cases was evaluated to determine if the program is performing as it was
expected to.
Testing presents an interesting challenge for the software engineers
attempt to build software from an abstract concept to an acceptable
implementation. In testing engineer create a series of test cases that occurs
when errors are uncovered. Testing is the process of executing a program for
finding errors. A good test is one that has the high probability of finding an
uncovered error. A successful error is one that uncovers undiscovered errors.
The term error is used to refer the difference between actual output of
the software and the current output. Fault is a condition that causes the
software to fail to perform its required function. Software reliability is
defined as a required function. Software reliability is defined as the
probability that the software will not undergoes failures for a specified times
under specified condition. Failure is the inability of a system or a component
to perform a required function according to its specification. Different levels
of testing were employed for software to make it error free, fault free and
reliable.
Unit Testing:
Unit testing was conducted first. Different modules of the software
were tested against the specifications produced during design of the modules.
Verification of the code produced during the coding phase was done. Each module
was tested separately.
Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of
software design module. This uncovers errors within the boundary of a module.
Unit testing is actually White box testing both the external things as well as
the internal codes are tested. In testing, the interfaces are tested in order
to ensure the proper flow of data in and out of the module. The boundary
testing is done to ensure that the module keeps the limit of it. All
independent paths are tested to ensure that all statements are tested at least
once. At last the error path is also tested.
Unit testing comprises the set of tests performed by an individual
programmer prior to integration of the unit into a larger system. There are
four categories of test that can be performed on a program unit
Ø Functional Unit
Ø Performance Unit
Ø Stress Unit
Ø Structure Unit
System Testing:
Then system testing was conducted. Here the entire software system was
tested.
The
reference document used for this process was requirement document and the goal
was to see if the software meets its requirements.
System testing includes the thorough testing of the product. System
testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to
fully exercise the computer based system. The tests are recovery testing: this
checks the recovery of the system when failure occurs. This is to ensure that
there are recovery procedures for error occurrences.
System
testing involves unit testing, integration testing, acceptance testing. Careful
planning and scheduling are required to ensure that modules will be available
for integration into the evolving software product when needed. A test plan has
the following steps:
Ø Prepare test plan
Ø Specify conditions for user acceptance testing
Ø Prepare test data for
program testing
Ø Prepare test data for transaction path testing
Ø Plan user testing
Ø Compile/Assemble program
Ø Prepare job performance aids
Ø Prepare operational
documents
Objectives of testing.
First of all objectives should be clear.
Ø Testing as a process of executing a program
with the intent of finding errors.
Ø To perform testing, test cases are designed. A
test case is a particular made up of artificial situation upon which a program
is exposed so as to find errors. So a good test case is one that finds
undiscovered errors.
Ø If testing is done properly, it uncovers errors
and after fixing those errors we have software that is being developed
according to specifications.
CONCLUSION OF THE PROJECT - MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT
The project has been developed successfully and the
performance of the system has been found satisfactory. The security has been
incorporated as required by any placement firm. Use of computer helps the user
in reducing the time wasted in non-productive work. It further helps the user
in having immediate access to the information as well as to share the limited
resources effectively.
User friendly menu driven interface
has been provided to the user to interact with the system. Users can traverse
through the website provided the users have the access right set. The users can
register themselves through a registration form and then can use the services
of the website.
The system provides an integrated
environment for the customers who are willing to watch movies currently running
in the audi and can also enjoy combo packs while watching movie.
LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT - MOVIE TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM PROJECT
The following are the limitations of
the project:
·
No Multi-User Support Is
Provided
At a time only one user can use the
software. In same companies, the computers are interconnected to form a
network. But this software will work on only one computer at a time.
·
Login Password Is Not Encrypted
The username and password provided
to us is not encrypted properly. Any person that gets to know the username and
password of a user can access his account. So keep your password safe.
·
No Backup And Restore
Utilities Are Incorporated
In these times of uncertainties,
incorporation of the facilities of backup and restoration of last details is
necessary. Any computer can crash or become affected by a virus at any time. So
it is imperative to take the backup of the data, but this software does not
provide this utility.
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